This double is physical.
| discov_num |
notes |
refcode |
| AGC 1 |
AB: Sirius = alp CMa = 9 CMa. |
|
|
Bessel, in 1834, notes that the proper motion was variable and, in his |
|
|
letter to Humboldt, stated that "..Procyon and Sirius are genuine |
|
|
binary systems, each consisting of a visible and an invisible star." |
|
|
Not quite invisible, this large dm pair consisting of a main sequence |
|
|
A star and a white dwarf was first resolved by Alvan G. Clark on 31 |
|
|
January 1862 in the process of of testing the 18.5" refractor. See |
|
|
notes by Burnham and Aitken. |
Bu_1906 |
|
The separation for the 1862.275 measurement by Lassell is reported as |
Lsl1862 |
|
4.92". This is clearly incorrect and not consistent with measurements |
|
|
by other observers. WDS catalogers assume an factor of 2 error and |
|
|
correct separation to 9.84". |
|
|
Otto Struve lists a measurement of Sirius in 1861.21. However, this |
Stt1893a |
|
predates the discovery of the companion Sirius B by A. Clark and his |
|
|
son on 1962 Jan 31 and the first formal measurement by G. P. Bond on |
|
|
1862 February 7. Comparing the uncorrected PA and separation in |
|
|
Struve's table in 1893 with the measurements published by Struve, we |
Stt1864 |
|
suspect that 1861.21 is a typo and should refer to the observation on |
|
|
1863-Mar-16. |
|
|
Companion almost hidden behind secondary mirror diffraction ray from |
|
|
Sirius B was never observed at these position angles until the early |
Sea1882 |
|
20th century. We suspect that this is a clerical error and that the |
|
|
measurements pertain to another system. |
|
|
For the 1882.988 measurement the PA is listed as 41.6 deg and is |
Bu_1883 |
|
40.6 in another. |
Bu_1883b |
|
Many of the recovery observations of Sirius B following the periastron |
|
|
passage after 1890 are doubtful. The recovery observations made by |
See1896d |
|
See, Douglass, and Cogshall at Lowell Observatory from 1896.668 to |
Dgl1896 |
|
1896.695 were taken in the morning shortly before sunrise when Sirius |
Cog1896a |
|
was low in the sky. See notes that the mean position angle of 220 deg |
|
|
at 5.10" is about 30 deg behind its predicted location and the sep |
|
|
sep is larger than expected based on previous orbit fit. Aitken and |
A__1896d |
|
Schaeberle reported measurements between 1896.814-1897.027 made from |
Shb1897a |
|
Lick Observatory at a significantly different mean position angle of |
|
|
189 deg and 3.7". Both Aitken and Schaeberle comment that neither of |
|
|
them saw a star at the position reported by Dr. See. Following the |
|
|
contradictory reports, Stimson J. Brown published observations from |
Brs1896 |
|
his logbook that were taken earlier in March 1896 at the USNO. The |
|
|
position angle is similar to the values reported by Aitken, but the |
|
|
separation is about 1" larger. Brown notes that the observations were |
|
|
taken under challenging conditions and he did not have much confidence |
|
|
in their reliability. See later refuted his earlier measurements |
See1897e |
|
after unsuccessfully searching for the companion while observing from |
|
|
Mexico and then successfully detecting the companion at a pa of 175 deg |
|
|
and 4.6" in September 1897 at Lowell. He writes, "The erroneous |
|
|
conclusion to which I was led last year seems to have arisen from a |
|
|
very unusual and entirely unexpected cause, of which we need not |
|
|
speak here..." In hindsight, See also reported in that publication, |
|
|
two observations from April 1895 that he initially did not think were |
|
|
worthy of announcing. The difficulty in attempting to find Sirius B |
|
|
using the Lick Observatory 36 inch in February and March of 1896 was |
|
|
described by William J. Hussey. |
Hu_1896 |
|
See1900d and Brs1900b measures : "All of the observations have been |
See1900d |
|
thoroughly checked. A number of errors were discovered in the earlier |
Brs1900b |
|
reductions and corrected. These reductions have also been slighty |
See1911 |
|
changed by the adoption of a later and better determined value of a |
Brs1911a |
|
revolution of the micrometer screw. This will account for small |
|
|
discrepanacies between the results published here and those previously |
|
|
published in the astronomical periodicals." |
|
|
For the 1904.186 measuremment by T. Lewis, the title of the article, |
L__1904 |
|
text, and first page of the data table all refer to observations taken |
|
|
in 1904. Subsequent pages of the data table (including the page that |
|
|
Sirius is listed on) list an epoch of 1903. However, this is probably a |
|
|
typo, so date corrected the date to be in 1904. |
|
|
Sirius A. |
B__1959a |
|
Hipparcos astrometric solution adopted some elements from the orbit of |
HIP1997d |
|
Gatewood & Gatewood (1978). |
Gat1978 |
|
AB: Malkov et al. (2012) derive dynamical, photometric, and |
|
|
spectroscopic masses 3.08 +/- 0.42, 2.46, and 2.19 Msun, respectively. |
Mlk2012 |
|
BC: Suspected by Fox in 1920, also reported by Innes, van den Bos, and |
A__1932a |
|
Finsen. Other observers fail to confirm duplicity of B. Single 1945, |
B__1929a |
|
1946, 1949, 1950. Recovered by Popovic in 1975 at approximately the |
Fin1929a |
|
the same position as the 1929 resolutions. If these are periodic, the |
Pop1977b |
|
next approximate time for resolution is 2020. Therefore, since we |
|
|
believe the detections of C to be real, but likely of a background |
|
|
optical interloper, BC carries a "U" code and not an "X" code. |
|
|
However, very compelling argument that this is a chance allignment of |
Lec2000 |
|
a non-physical background star appearing close to Sirius AB is the |
|
|
1920-30 time period is now assumed. |
|
|
Time displacement residuals over a period of 6.8y are linear ruling |
Ldb1973 |
|
out a 6.4y perturbation with an amplitude of 0.14". There is no |
|
|
evidence of a close companion with this nature associated with Sirius. |
|
|
Otto Struve corrected his measurements for systematic errors by |
Stt1893a |
|
measuring artificial double stars. He provided both the original and |
|
|
corrected measures of the separation and position angle for the |
|
|
companion of Sirius. Aitken cautions that the variance of the angles |
A__1935f |
|
and distances compared with other observers is often larger for |
|
|
Struve's corrected values. However in the case of Struve's measurements |
|
|
of the companion of Sirius, Bond et al. mean residuals in the position |
BdH2017 |
|
angle improved when using the corrected values, while the residuals in |
|
|
separation did not change significantly, so the corrected values are |
|
|
reported here. |
|
|
For the photographic observations by Lindenblad, tables are given for |
Ldb1970 |
|
the raw individual measures, while only the mean measures are corrected |
Ldb1973 |
|
for emulsion contraction. The average time span covered by these mean |
|
|
measures is ~ 70 nights, so we used Lindenblad's tabulated scale |
BdH2017 |
|
corrections to compute corrected separations and position angles for |
|
|
the individual measurements. We then took the mean for plates taken on |
|
|
the same night, reducing the number of individual measurements from 157 |
|
|
down to 77 measurements on unique dates. |
|
|
X coded van Albada (1962) measures corrected for emulsion contraction. |
vAb1971 |
|
Jasinta & Hidayat (1999) did not correct these epochs for emulsion |
Jas1999b |
|
contraction. |
|
|
Measure of Anton corrected in a later publication. |
Ant2010 |
|
|
Ant2012 |
|
Schroeder measure re-reducted and corrected in Bond Table 2. |
Shd2000 |
|
|
BdH2017 |
|
Sirius A mass is 2.063+/-0.023 \msun with an age of 242+/-5 Myr, |
BdH2017 |
|
a radius of 1.7144+/-0.0090 \rsun, luminosity of 24.74+/-0.70 \lsun, |
|
|
and Teff of 9845+/-64 K. Sirius B mass is 1.018+/-0.011 \msun, |
|
|
an age of 224(+34-19) Myr, a radius of 0.008098+/-0.000046 \rsun, |
|
|
luminosity of 0.02448+/-0.00033 \lsun and Teff of 25,369+/-46 K. |
|
|
Intensity Interferometer Limb-darkened diameter 5.89 +/- 0.16 mas. |
HBr1974 |
|
Mk III Limb-darkened diameter 5.993 +/- 0.108 mas. |
MkT2003 |
|
AD: Rectilinear solution by Mason & Hartkopf (2015). |
Msn2015a |
| HL 3 |
AE: Rectilinear solution by Mason & Hartkopf (2015). |
Msn2015a |
| BU 1411 |
AF: Rectilinear solution by Mason & Hartkopf (2015). |
Msn2015a |
| refcode |
metd |
author |
reference |
| A__1896d |
Ma - |
Aitken, R.G. |
1896PASP....8..314A |
| A__1896d |
|
PASP 8, 314, 1896 (all data also in A__1896a) |
1896AJ.....17...27A |
| A__1932a |
Ma - |
Aitken, R.G. |
1932QB821.A43...... |
| A__1932a |
|
Aitken Double Star Catalogue, 1932 |
|
| A__1935f |
- |
Aitken, R.G. |
1935QB821.A3....... |
| A__1935f |
|
The Binary Stars, 1935 |
|
| Ant2010 |
C u |
Anton, R. |
2010JDSO....6..133A |
| Ant2010 |
|
JDSO 6, 133, 2010 |
|
| Ant2012 |
C u |
Anton, R. |
2012JDSO....8...15A |
| Ant2012 |
|
JDSO 8, 15, 2012 |
|
| B__1929a |
Ma j |
van den Bos, W.H. |
1929CiUO...80...59V |
| B__1929a |
|
Union Obs. Johannesburg Circ. 80, 59, 1929 |
|
| B__1959a |
Mb j |
van den Bos, W.H. |
1959ApJS....4...45V |
| B__1959a |
|
ApJS 4, 45, 1959 |
|
| BdH2017 |
H+ j |
Bond, H.E., Schaefer, G.H., Gilliland, R.L., Holberg, J.B., Mason, B.D., |
2017ApJ...840...70B |
| BdH2017 |
+Po |
Lindenblad, I.W., Seitz-McLeese, M., Arnett, W.D., Demarque, P., Spada, F., |
|
| BdH2017 |
+orb |
Young, P.A., Barstow, M.A., Burleigh, M.R. & Gudehus, D. |
|
| BdH2017 |
+not |
ApJ 840, 70, 2017 |
|
| Brs1896 |
Ma j |
Brown, S.J. |
1896AJ.....17...46B |
| Brs1896 |
|
AJ 17, 46, 1896 |
|
| Brs1900b |
Ma j |
Brown, S.J. |
1900AN....152..329B |
| Brs1900b |
|
AN 152, 329, #3645, 1900 |
|
| Brs1911a |
Ma j |
Brown, S.J. |
. |
| Brs1911a |
|
Pub. USNO 6, A117, 1911 |
|
| Bu_1883 |
Ma j |
Burnham, S.W. (BU 864 - 1025) |
1883MmRAS..47..167B |
| Bu_1883 |
|
MemRAS 47, 167, 1883 |
|
| Bu_1883b |
Ma - |
Burnham, S.W. |
1883MNRAS..43..318B |
| Bu_1883b |
|
MNRAS 43, 318, 1883 |
|
| Bu_1906 |
Ma j |
Burnham, S.W. |
1906QB821.B972..... |
| Bu_1906 |
+M |
Burnham Double Star Cat., 1906 |
|
| Cog1896a |
Ma j |
Cogshall, W.A. |
1896AJ.....16..211S |
| Cog1896a |
|
AJ 16, 211, 1896 |
|
| Dgl1896 |
Ma j |
Douglass, A.E. |
1896AJ.....17....1S |
| Dgl1896 |
|
AJ 17, 1, 1896 |
|
| Fin1929a |
Ma j |
Finsen, W.S. |
1929CiUO...80...85F |
| Fin1929a |
|
Union Obs. Johannesburg Circ. 80, 85, 1929 |
|
| Gat1978 |
- |
Gatewood, G.D. & Gatewood, C.V. |
1978ApJ...225..191G |
| Gat1978 |
|
ApJ 225, 191, 1978 |
|
| HBr1974 |
- |
Hanbury Brown, R., Davis, J., & Allen, L.R. |
1974MNRAS.167..121H |
| HBr1974 |
|
MNRAS 167, 121, 1974 |
|
| HBr1974 |
|
|
|
| HIP1997d |
orb - |
Hipparcos |
1997yCat.1239....0E |
| HIP1997d |
|
Hipparcos Catalog, ESA SP-1200, 1997 |
|
| HIP1997d |
|
(DMSA/O Orbital Solutions) |
|
| Hu_1896 |
not - |
Hussey, W.F. |
1896PASP....8..183H |
| Hu_1896 |
|
PASP 8, 183, 1896 |
|
| Jas1999b |
Pa u |
Jasinta, D.M.D. & Hidayat, B. |
1999A&AS..136..293J |
| Jas1999b |
|
A&AS 136, 293, 1999 |
|
| L__1904 |
Ma j |
Lewis, T. |
1904RGOO........... |
| L__1904 |
|
Greenwich Observations, 1904 (data also in MNRAS 66, 17, 1905) |
1905MNRAS..66...17L |
| Ldb1970 |
Po j |
Lindenblad, I.W. |
1970AJ.....75..841L |
| Ldb1970 |
|
AJ 75, 841, 1970 (erratum in AJ 78, 226, 1973) |
|
| Ldb1973 |
Po j |
Lindenblad, I.W. |
1973AJ.....78..205L |
| Ldb1973 |
|
AJ 78, 205, 1973 |
|
| Lec2000 |
C - |
Bonnet-Bidaud, J.M., Colas, F., Lecacheux, J. |
2000A&A...360...991 |
| Lec2000 |
|
A&A 360, 991, 2000 |
|
| Lsl1862 |
Mb j |
Lassell, W. |
1862AN.....57..251L |
| Lsl1862 |
|
AN 57, 251, #1360, 1862 |
|
| MkT2003 |
Km - |
Mozurkewich, D., Armstrong, J.T., Hindsley, R., Quirrenbach, A., Hummel, C.A., |
2003AJ....126.2502M |
| MkT2003 |
+not |
Hutter, D., Johnston, K.J., Hajian, A., Elias, N.M., II, Buscher, D., & Simon, R. |
|
| MkT2003 |
|
AJ 126, 2502, 2003 |
|
| Mlk2012 |
not - |
Malkov, O.Yu., Tamazian, V.S., Docobo, J.A., & Chulkov, D.A. |
2012A&A...546A..69M |
| Mlk2012 |
|
A&A 546, A69, 2012 |
|
| Msn2015a |
orb - |
Mason, B.D. & Hartkopf, W.I. |
2015IAUDS.187....1M |
| Msn2015a |
+lin |
Inf. Circ. 187, 1, 2015 |
|
| Pop1977b |
Ma j |
Popovic, G.M. |
1977BOBeo.128...37P |
| Pop1977b |
|
Bull. Obs. Astron. Belgrade #128, 37, 1977 |
|
| Sea1882 |
Ma - |
Searle, G.M. |
1882AnHar..13...17. |
| Sea1882 |
|
Harvard Ann. 13, 17, 1882 |
|
| See1896d |
Ma j |
See, T.J.J. |
1896AJ.....17....1S |
| See1896d |
|
AJ 17, 1, 1896 |
|
| See1897e |
Ma j |
See, T.J.J. |
1897AJ.....18...75S |
| See1897e |
|
AJ 18, 75, 1897 |
|
| See1900d |
Ma j |
See, T.J.J. |
1900AN....153...99S |
| See1900d |
|
AN 153, 99, #3654, 1900 |
|
| See1911 |
Ma j |
See, T.J.J. |
. |
| See1911 |
|
Pub. USNO 6, A117, 1911 |
|
| Shb1897a |
Ma j |
Schaeberle, J.M. |
1897AJ.....17...76S |
| Shb1897a |
|
AJ 17, 76, 1897 |
|
| Shd2000 |
Hp j |
Schroeder, D.J., Golimowski, D.A., Brukardt, R.A., Burrows, C.J., Caldwell, J.J., |
2000AJ....119..906S |
| Shd2000 |
|
Fastie, W.G., Ford, H.C., Hesman, B., et al. |
|
| Shd2000 |
|
AJ 119, 906, 2000 |
|
| Stt1864 |
Ma - |
Struve, O. |
1864MNRAS..24..149S |
| Stt1864 |
|
MNRAS 24, 149, 1864 |
|
| Stt1893a |
Ma j |
Struve, O. |
1893ObPul..10....1S |
| Stt1893a |
|
Pulkova Obs. Observations 10, 1, 1893 |
|
| vAb1971 |
Pa j |
van Albada, G.B. |
1971A&A....11..317V |
| vAb1971 |
+Po |
A&A 11, 317, 1971 |
|
| discov |
author |
| A |
Aitken, R.G. |
| BDH |
Bond, H.E., Gilliland, R.L., Schaefer, G.H., Demarque, P., Girard, T.M., |
| BDH |
Holberg, J.B., Gudehus, D., Mason, B.D., Kozhurina-Platais, V., Burleigh, M.R., |
| BDH |
Barstow, M.A., & Nelan, E.P. |
| BDH |
Bond, H.E., Schaefer, G.H., Gilliland, R.L., Holberg, J.B., Mason, B.D., |
| BDH |
Lindenblad, I.W., Seitz-McLeese, M., Arnett, W.D., Demarque, P., Spada, F., |
| BDH |
Young, P.A., Barstow, M.A., Burleigh, M.R. & Gudehus, D. |
| HIP |
(non-component double star solution: G = acceleration solution, |
| HIP |
O = orbit solution, V = variability-induced mover, X = stochastic solution) |
| MKT |
Shao, M., Colavita, M.M., Hines, B.E., Staelin, D.H., Hutter, D.J., Johnston, K.J., |
| MKT |
Mozurkewich, D., Simon, R.S., Hershey, J.L., Hughes, J.A. & Kaplan, G.H. |
| MKT |
Hutter, D.J., Johnston, K.J., Mozurkewich, D., Simon, R.S., Colavita, M.M., Pan, |
| MKT |
X.P., Shao, M., Hines, B.E., Staelin, D.H., Hershey, J.L., Hughes, J.A. & Kaplan, |
| MKT |
G.H. |
| MKT |
Mozurkewich, D., Johnston, K.J., Simon, R.S., Bowers, P.F., Gaume, R., Hutter, |
| MKT |
D.J., Colavita, M.M., Shao, M. & Pan, X.P. |
| MKT |
Pan, X.P., Shao, M., Colavita, M.M., Armstrong, J.T., Mozurkewich, D., |
| MKT |
Vivekanand, M., Denison, C.S., Simon, R.S., et al. |
| MKT |
Armstrong, J.T., Mozurkewich, D., Vivekanand, M., Simon, R.S., Denison, C.S., |
| MKT |
Johnston, K.J., Pan, X.-P., Shao, M., et al. |
| MKT |
Armstrong, J.T., Hummel, C.A., Quirrenbach, A., Buscher, D.F., Mozurkewich, D., |
| MKT |
Vivekanand, M., Simon, R.S., Denison, C.S., et al. |
| MKT |
Hummel, C.A., Armstrong, J.T., Quirrenbach, A., Buscher, D.F., Mozurkewich, D., |
| MKT |
Simon, R.S., & Johnston, K.J. |
| MKT |
Hummel, C.A., Armstrong, J.T., Quirrenbach, A., Buscher, D.F., Mozurkewich, D., |
| MKT |
Elias, N.M., & Wilson, R.E. |
| MKT |
Mozurkewich, D., Armstrong, J.T., Hindsley, R., Quirrenbach, A., Hummel, C.A., |
| MKT |
Hutter, D., Johnston, K.J., Hajian, A., Elias, N.M., II, Buscher, D., & Simon, R. |
| MKT |
Armstrong, J.T., Mozurkewich, D., Hajian, A.R., Johnston, K.J., Thessin, R.N., |
| MKT |
Peterson, D.M., Hummel, C.A., & Gilbreath, G.C. |
| MSN |
Mason, B.D., Gies, D.R., Hartkopf, W.I., Bagnuolo, Jr., W.G., |
| MSN |
ten Brummelaar, T.A., & McAlister, H.A. |
| MSN |
Mason, B.D., Martin, C., Hartkopf, W.I., Barry, D.J., Germain, M.E., |
| MSN |
Douglass, G.G., Worley, C.E., ten Brummelaar, T.A., et al. |
| MSN |
Mason, B.D., Hartkopf, W.I., Raghavan, D., Subasavage, J.P., Roberts, L.C., Jr., |
| MSN |
Turner, N.H., & ten Brummelaar, T.A. |
| SHD |
Schroeder, D.J., Golimowski, D.A., Brukardt, R.A., Burrows, C.J., Caldwell, J.J., |
| SHD |
Fastie, W.G., Ford, H.C., Hesman, B., et al. |
No records found.