This double is physical.
discov_num |
notes |
refcode |
AGC 1 |
AB: Sirius = alp CMa = 9 CMa. |
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Bessel, in 1834, notes that the proper motion was variable and, in his |
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letter to Humboldt, stated that "..Procyon and Sirius are genuine |
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binary systems, each consisting of a visible and an invisible star." |
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Not quite invisible, this large dm pair consisting of a main sequence |
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A star and a white dwarf was first resolved by Alvan G. Clark on 31 |
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January 1862 in the process of of testing the 18.5" refractor. See |
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notes by Burnham and Aitken. |
Bu_1906 |
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The separation for the 1862.275 measurement by Lassell is reported as |
Lsl1862 |
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4.92". This is clearly incorrect and not consistent with measurements |
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by other observers. WDS catalogers assume an factor of 2 error and |
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correct separation to 9.84". |
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Otto Struve lists a measurement of Sirius in 1861.21. However, this |
Stt1893a |
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predates the discovery of the companion Sirius B by A. Clark and his |
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son on 1962 Jan 31 and the first formal measurement by G. P. Bond on |
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1862 February 7. Comparing the uncorrected PA and separation in |
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Struve's table in 1893 with the measurements published by Struve, we |
Stt1864 |
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suspect that 1861.21 is a typo and should refer to the observation on |
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1863-Mar-16. |
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Companion almost hidden behind secondary mirror diffraction ray from |
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Sirius B was never observed at these position angles until the early |
Sea1882 |
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20th century. We suspect that this is a clerical error and that the |
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measurements pertain to another system. |
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For the 1882.988 measurement the PA is listed as 41.6 deg and is |
Bu_1883 |
|
40.6 in another. |
Bu_1883b |
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Many of the recovery observations of Sirius B following the periastron |
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passage after 1890 are doubtful. The recovery observations made by |
See1896d |
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See, Douglass, and Cogshall at Lowell Observatory from 1896.668 to |
Dgl1896 |
|
1896.695 were taken in the morning shortly before sunrise when Sirius |
Cog1896a |
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was low in the sky. See notes that the mean position angle of 220 deg |
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at 5.10" is about 30 deg behind its predicted location and the sep |
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sep is larger than expected based on previous orbit fit. Aitken and |
A__1896d |
|
Schaeberle reported measurements between 1896.814-1897.027 made from |
Shb1897a |
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Lick Observatory at a significantly different mean position angle of |
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189 deg and 3.7". Both Aitken and Schaeberle comment that neither of |
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them saw a star at the position reported by Dr. See. Following the |
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contradictory reports, Stimson J. Brown published observations from |
Brs1896 |
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his logbook that were taken earlier in March 1896 at the USNO. The |
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position angle is similar to the values reported by Aitken, but the |
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separation is about 1" larger. Brown notes that the observations were |
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taken under challenging conditions and he did not have much confidence |
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in their reliability. See later refuted his earlier measurements |
See1897e |
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after unsuccessfully searching for the companion while observing from |
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Mexico and then successfully detecting the companion at a pa of 175 deg |
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and 4.6" in September 1897 at Lowell. He writes, "The erroneous |
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conclusion to which I was led last year seems to have arisen from a |
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very unusual and entirely unexpected cause, of which we need not |
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speak here..." In hindsight, See also reported in that publication, |
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two observations from April 1895 that he initially did not think were |
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worthy of announcing. The difficulty in attempting to find Sirius B |
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using the Lick Observatory 36 inch in February and March of 1896 was |
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described by William J. Hussey. |
Hu_1896 |
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See1900d and Brs1900d measures : "All of the observations have been |
See1900d |
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thoroughly checked. A number of errors were discovered in the earlier |
Brs1900d |
|
reductions and corrected. These reductions have also been slighty |
See1911 |
|
changed by the adoption of a later and better determined value of a |
Brs1911a |
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revolution of the micrometer screw. This will account for small |
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discrepanacies between the results published here and those previously |
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published in the astronomical periodicals." |
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For the 1904.186 measuremment by T. Lewis, the title of the article, |
L__1904 |
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text, and first page of the data table all refer to observations taken |
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in 1904. Subsequent pages of the data table (including the page that |
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Sirius is listed on) list an epoch of 1903. However, this is probably a |
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typo, so date corrected the date to be in 1904. |
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Sirius A. |
B__1959a |
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Hipparcos astrometric solution adopted some elements from the orbit of |
HIP1997d |
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Gatewood & Gatewood (1978). |
Gat1978 |
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AB: Malkov et al. (2012) derive dynamical, photometric, and |
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spectroscopic masses 3.08 +/- 0.42, 2.46, and 2.19 Msun, respectively. |
Mlk2012 |
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BC: Suspected by Fox in 1920, also reported by Innes, van den Bos, and |
A__1932a |
|
Finsen. Other observers fail to confirm duplicity of B. Single 1945, |
B__1929a |
|
1946, 1949, 1950. Recovered by Popovic in 1975 at approximately the |
Fin1929a |
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the same position as the 1929 resolutions. If these are periodic, the |
Pop1977b |
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next approximate time for resolution is 2020. Therefore, since we |
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believe the detections of C to be real, but likely of a background |
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optical interloper, BC carries a "U" code and not an "X" code. |
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However, very compelling argument that this is a chance allignment of |
Lec2000 |
|
a non-physical background star appearing close to Sirius AB is the |
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1920-30 time period is now assumed. |
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Time displacement residuals over a period of 6.8y are linear ruling |
Ldb1973 |
|
out a 6.4y perturbation with an amplitude of 0.14". There is no |
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evidence of a close companion with this nature associated with Sirius. |
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Otto Struve corrected his measurements for systematic errors by |
Stt1893a |
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measuring artificial double stars. He provided both the original and |
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corrected measures of the separation and position angle for the |
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companion of Sirius. Aitken cautions that the variance of the angles |
A__1935f |
|
and distances compared with other observers is often larger for |
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Struve's corrected values. However in the case of Struve's measurements |
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of the companion of Sirius, Bond et al. mean residuals in the position |
BdH2017 |
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angle improved when using the corrected values, while the residuals in |
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separation did not change significantly, so the corrected values are |
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reported here. |
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For the photographic observations by Lindenblad, tables are given for |
Ldb1970 |
|
the raw individual measures, while only the mean measures are corrected |
Ldb1973 |
|
for emulsion contraction. The average time span covered by these mean |
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measures is ~ 70 nights, so we used Lindenblad's tabulated scale |
BdH2017 |
|
corrections to compute corrected separations and position angles for |
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the individual measurements. We then took the mean for plates taken on |
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the same night, reducing the number of individual measurements from 157 |
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down to 77 measurements on unique dates. |
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X coded van Albada (1962) measures corrected for emulsion contraction. |
vAb1971 |
|
Jasinta & Hidayat (1999) did not correct these epochs for emulsion |
Jas19995 |
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contraction. |
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Measure of Anton corrected in a later publication. |
Ant2010 |
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Ant2012 |
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Schroeder measure re-reducted and corrected in Bond Table 2. |
Shd2011 |
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|
BdH2017 |
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Sirius A mass is 2.063+/-0.023 \msun with an age of 242+/-5 Myr, |
BdH2017 |
|
a radius of 1.7144+/-0.0090 \rsun, luminosity of 24.74+/-0.70 \lsun, |
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and Teff of 9845+/-64 K. Sirius B mass is 1.018+/-0.011 \msun, |
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an age of 224(+34-19) Myr, a radius of 0.008098+/-0.000046 \rsun, |
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luminosity of 0.02448+/-0.00033 \lsun and Teff of 25,369+/-46 K. |
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Intensity Interferometer Limb-darkened diameter 5.89 +/- 0.16 mas. |
HBr1974 |
|
Mk III Limb-darkened diameter 5.993 +/- 0.108 mas. |
MkT2003 |
|
AD: Rectilinear solution by Mason & Hartkopf (2015). |
Msn2015a |
HL 3 |
AE: Rectilinear solution by Mason & Hartkopf (2015). |
Msn2015a |
BU 1411 |
AF: Rectilinear solution by Mason & Hartkopf (2015). |
Msn2015a |
refcode |
metd |
author |
reference |
A__1896d |
Ma - |
Aitken, R.G. |
1896PASP....8..314A |
A__1896d |
|
PASP 8, 314, 1896 (all data also in A__1896a) |
1896AJ.....17...27A |
A__1932a |
Ma - |
Aitken, R.G. |
1932QB821.A43...... |
A__1932a |
|
Aitken Double Star Catalogue, 1932 |
|
A__1935f |
- |
Aitken, R.G. |
1935QB821.A3....... |
A__1935f |
|
The Binary Stars, 1935 |
|
Ant2010 |
C u |
Anton, R. |
2010JDSO....6..133A |
Ant2010 |
|
JDSO 6, 133, 2010 |
|
Ant2012 |
C u |
Anton, R. |
2012JDSO....8...15A |
Ant2012 |
|
JDSO 8, 15, 2012 |
|
B__1929a |
Ma j |
van den Bos, W.H. |
1929CiUO...80...59V |
B__1929a |
|
Union Obs. Johannesburg Circ. 80, 59, 1929 |
|
B__1959a |
Mb j |
van den Bos, W.H. |
1959ApJS....4...45V |
B__1959a |
|
ApJS 4, 45, 1959 |
|
BdH2017 |
H+ j |
Bond, H.E., Schaefer, G.H., Gilliland, R.L., Holberg, J.B., Mason, B.D., |
2017ApJ...840...70B |
BdH2017 |
+Po |
Lindenblad, I.W., Seitz-McLeese, M., Arnett, W.D., Demarque, P., Spada, F., |
|
BdH2017 |
+orb |
Young, P.A., Barstow, M.A., Burleigh, M.R. & Gudehus, D. |
|
BdH2017 |
+not |
ApJ 840, 70, 2017 |
|
Brs1896 |
Ma j |
Brown, S.J. |
1896AJ.....17...46B |
Brs1896 |
|
AJ 17, 46, 1896 |
|
Brs1911a |
Ma j |
Brown, S.J. |
. |
Brs1911a |
|
Pub. USNO 6, A117, 1911 |
|
Bu_1883 |
Ma j |
Burnham, S.W. (BU 864 - 1025) |
1883MmRAS..47..167B |
Bu_1883 |
|
MemRAS 47, 167, 1883 |
|
Bu_1883b |
Ma - |
Burnham, S.W. |
1883MNRAS..43..318B |
Bu_1883b |
|
MNRAS 43, 318, 1883 |
|
Bu_1906 |
Ma j |
Burnham, S.W. |
1906QB821.B972..... |
Bu_1906 |
+M |
Burnham Double Star Cat., 1906 |
|
Cog1896a |
Ma j |
Cogshall, W.A. |
1896AJ.....16..211S |
Cog1896a |
|
AJ 16, 211, 1896 |
|
Dgl1896 |
Ma j |
Douglass, A.E. |
1896AJ.....17....1S |
Dgl1896 |
|
AJ 17, 1, 1896 |
|
Fin1929a |
Ma j |
Finsen, W.S. |
1929CiUO...80...85F |
Fin1929a |
|
Union Obs. Johannesburg Circ. 80, 85, 1929 |
|
Gat1978 |
- |
Gatewood, G.D. & Gatewood, C.V. |
1978ApJ...225..191G |
Gat1978 |
|
ApJ 225, 191, 1978 |
|
HBr1974 |
- |
Hanbury Brown, R., Davis, J., & Allen, L.R. |
1974MNRAS.167..121H |
HBr1974 |
|
MNRAS 167, 121, 1974 |
|
HIP1997d |
orb - |
Hipparcos |
1997yCat.1239....0E |
HIP1997d |
|
Hipparcos Catalog, ESA SP-1200, 1997 |
|
HIP1997d |
|
(DMSA/O Orbital Solutions) |
|
Hu_1896 |
not - |
Hussey, W.F. |
1896PASP....8..183H |
Hu_1896 |
|
PASP 8, 183, 1896 |
|
L__1904 |
Ma j |
Lewis, T. |
1904RGOO........... |
L__1904 |
|
Greenwich Observations, 1904 (data also in MNRAS 66, 17, 1905) |
1905MNRAS..66...17L |
Ldb1970 |
Po j |
Lindenblad, I.W. |
1970AJ.....75..841L |
Ldb1970 |
|
AJ 75, 841, 1970 (erratum in AJ 78, 226, 1973) |
|
Ldb1973 |
Po j |
Lindenblad, I.W. |
1973AJ.....78..205L |
Ldb1973 |
|
AJ 78, 205, 1973 |
|
Lec2000 |
C - |
Bonnet-Bidaud, J.M., Colas, F., Lecacheux, J. |
2000A&A...360...991 |
Lec2000 |
|
A&A 360, 991, 2000 |
|
Lsl1862 |
Mb j |
Lassell, W. |
1862AN.....57..251L |
Lsl1862 |
|
AN 57, 251, #1360, 1862 |
|
MkT2003 |
Km - |
Mozurkewich, D., Armstrong, J.T., Hindsley, R., Quirrenbach, A., Hummel, C.A., |
2003AJ....126.2502M |
MkT2003 |
+not |
Hutter, D., Johnston, K.J., Hajian, A., Elias, N.M., II, Buscher, D., & Simon, R. |
|
MkT2003 |
|
AJ 126, 2502, 2003 |
|
Mlk2012 |
not - |
Malkov, O.Yu., Tamazian, V.S., Docobo, J.A., & Chulkov, D.A. |
2012A&A...546A..69M |
Mlk2012 |
|
A&A 546, A69, 2012 |
|
Msn2015a |
orb - |
Mason, B.D. & Hartkopf, W.I. |
2015IAUDS.187....1M |
Msn2015a |
+lin |
Inf. Circ. 187, 1, 2015 |
|
Pop1977b |
Ma j |
Popovic, G.M. |
1977BOBeo.128...37P |
Pop1977b |
|
Bull. Obs. Astron. Belgrade #128, 37, 1977 |
|
Sea1882 |
Ma - |
Searle, G.M. |
1882AnHar..13...17. |
Sea1882 |
|
Harvard Ann. 13, 17, 1882 |
|
See1896d |
Ma j |
See, T.J.J. |
1896AJ.....17....1S |
See1896d |
|
AJ 17, 1, 1896 |
|
See1897e |
Ma j |
See, T.J.J. |
1897AJ.....18...75S |
See1897e |
|
AJ 18, 75, 1897 |
|
See1900d |
Ma j |
See, T.J.J. |
1900AN....153...99S |
See1900d |
|
AN 153, 99, #3654, 1900 |
|
See1911 |
Ma j |
See, T.J.J. |
. |
See1911 |
|
Pub. USNO 6, A117, 1911 |
|
Shb1897a |
Ma j |
Schaeberle, J.M. |
1897AJ.....17...76S |
Shb1897a |
|
AJ 17, 76, 1897 |
|
Stt1864 |
Ma - |
Struve, O. |
1864MNRAS..24..149S |
Stt1864 |
|
MNRAS 24, 149, 1864 |
|
Stt1893a |
Ma j |
Struve, O. |
1893ObPul..10....1S |
Stt1893a |
|
Pulkova Obs. Observations 10, 1, 1893 |
|
vAb1971 |
Pa j |
van Albada, G.B. |
1971A&A....11..317V |
vAb1971 |
+Po |
A&A 11, 317, 1971 |
|
No records found.