03317+2339 OCC 761 (HD 21804)

 
 
03h 31m 42.40s +23° 38' 58.0" P.A. -1.00 sep 0.1 mag 9.00,9.00 Sp F5 dist. 94.34 pc (307.74 l.y.)
 
 
Coord 2000 03317+2339 Discov num OCC 761 Comp Coord arcsec 2000 03 31 42.40 +23 38 58.0
Date first 1989 Date last 1989 Obs 0
Pa first -1 Pa last -1 P.A. Now (θ) -1
Sep first 0.1 Sep last 0.1 Sep. Now (ρ) 0.1"
Mag pri 9.00 Mag sec 9.00 delta mag (ΔM) 0 Spectral class F5 (yellow-white)
Pri motion ra +055 Sec motion ra
Pri motion dec +041 Sec motion dec
Notes
Nature of this double is uncertain.
 
 
OTHER CATALOGS AND DESIGNATIONS
 
 
Name HD 21804 Constellation Taurus SAO 75977 HIP 16440
Tycho2 1798-01012-1 Gaia DR2 67953499384852096 HD 21804 BD BD+23 462
Distance 94.34 Distance ly 307.74
 
 
WDS 03317+2339 OCC 761 (HD 21804) : NOTES
 
 
No records found.

 
 
REFERENCES
 
 
refcode metd author reference
OCC1971 O j Taylor, G.E., O'Leary, B., van Fladern, T.C. Bartholdi, P., Owen, F., 1971Natur.234..405T
OCC1971 Hubbard, W.B., Smith, B.A., Smith, S.A., Fallon, F.W. Devinney, E.J. & Oliver, J.
OCC1971 Nature 234, 405, 1971 (also summarized in OCC2010)
OCC1972 O j Hubbard, W.B. & van Flandern, T.C. 1972AJ.....77...65H
OCC1972 AJ 77, 65, 1972
OCC1976 O j Taylor, G.E., Walker, E.N., Quintanilla, A.R. & Lopez de Coca, M.P. 1976A&A....50..121T
OCC1976 A&A 50, 121, 1976 (also summarized in OCC2010)
OCC1990 O j Dunham, D.W., Dunham, J.B., Binzel, R.P., Evans, D.S., Freuh, M., Henry, G.W., 1990AJ.....99.1636D
OCC1990 A'Hearn, M.A., Schnurr, R., Betts, R., Haynes, H., Orcutt, R., Bowell, E., et al.
OCC1990 AJ 99, 1636, 1990 (also summarized in OCC2010)
OCC1993 O j Sato, I., Soma, M. & Hirose, T. 1993AJ....105.1553S
OCC1993 AJ 105, 1553, 1993 (also summarized in OCC2010)
OCC2001 O - Vasundhara, R., Jayakumar, K., Velu, C., Appakutty, M., Paranjpye, A., 2001BASI...29..577V
OCC2001 Kulkarni, H., Nitsure, P., Prabhunne, M. & Shah, K.
OCC2001 Bull. Astr. Soc. India 29, 577, 2001 (also summarized in OCC2010)
OCC2002 O - Occult. Doubles Cat., D. Dunham, ed. .
OCC2002 http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/iotandx.htm
OCC2008 O j Ling, A. 2008JRASC.102...15L
OCC2008 JRASC 102, 15, 2008
OCC2009 O u Herald, D. and Sandy, R. 2009JDSO....5..208H
OCC2009 JDSO 5, 208, 2009
OCC2009b O j Lin, C.-L., Zhang, Z.-W., Chen, W.P., King, S.-K., Lin, H.-C., Bianco, F.B., 2009PASP..121..359L
OCC2009b Lehner, M.J., Coehlo, N., Wang, J.-H., Mondal, S., Alcock, C., Axelrod, T., et al.
OCC2009b PASP 121, 359, 2009 (also summarized in OCC2010)
OCC2010 O u Herald, D., Boyle, R., Dunham, D., Hirose, T., Maley, P., Timerson, B., Farris, 2010JDSO....6...88H
OCC2010 T., Frappa, E., Lecacheux, J., Hayamizu, T., Kozubal, M., Nolthenius, R., et al.
OCC2010 JDSO 6, 88, 2010
OCC2010b O u Herald, D., Loader, B. & Parker, S. 2010JDSO....6..150H
OCC2010b JDSO 6, 150, 2010
OCC2010c O - Herald, D., Kashiwagura, M., Loader, B., Messner, S., Sandy, R. & Togashi, H. 2010JDSO....6..152H
OCC2010c JDSO 6, 152, 2010
OCC2010d O u Loader, B., Asada, Y., Breit, D., Bradshaw, J., Gault, D., Herald, D., Iverson, 2010JDSO....6..176L
OCC2010d E., Ishida, M., Karasaki, H., Kashiwagura, M., Miyashita, K., Messner, S., et al.
OCC2010d JDSO 6, 176, 2010
OCC2011 O u George, T., Timerson, B., Coughlin, K. & Fleishman, R. 2011JDSO....7..129G
OCC2011 JDSO 7, 129, 2011
OCC2011b O u Loader, B. Bradshaw, J., Breit, D., Gault, D., George, T., Herald, D., Iverson, 2011JDSO....7..159L
OCC2011b E., Ishida, M., Karasaki, H., Kashiwagura, M., Kenmotsu, K., Lowe, D., et al.
OCC2011b JDSO 7, 159, 2011
OCC2011c O u George, T., Timerson, B., Cooke, B., Degenhardt, S., Dunham, D.W., Messner, S., 2011JDSO....7..169G
OCC2011c Suggs, R., Venable, R. & Warren, W.H.
OCC2011c JDSO 7, 169, 2011
OCC2011d O - George, T., Timerson, B., Beard, T., Blank, T., Dantowitz, R., Davis, J., 2011JDSO....7..175G
OCC2011d di Cicco, D., Dunham, D.W., Hill, M., Sliski, A. & Sumner, R.
OCC2011d JDSO 7, 175, 2011
OCC2011e O j Bulder, H., Loader, B., Herald, D., Messner, S., Ling, A., Raab, H., ...................
OCC2011e Culbertson, B., Black, S., Ishida, M., Ohno, T., & Miyashita, K.
OCC2011e J. for Occultation Astron., #3, Jul-Sep 2011 (some data also in OCC2008)
OCC2012a O j George, T., Timerson, B., Degenhardt, S., Bracken, C., Cadmus, R., Carcich, A., 2012JDSO....8..306G
OCC2012a Centala, J., Modic, R., & Slauson, D.
OCC2012a JDSO 8, 306, 2012
OCC2012b O u Loader, B., Asada, Y., Bradshaw, J., Breit, D., Fuertes, J., Gault, D., George,T., 2012JDSO....8..313L
OCC2012b Graham, P., Herald, D., Holenstein, B., Iverson, E., Ishida, M., et al.
OCC2012b JDSO 8, 313, 2012
OCC2013a O - George, T., Timerson, B., Brooks, J., Conrad, S., Dunham, J.B., Dunham, D.W., 2013JDSO....9...88G
OCC2013a Jones,R., Lipka, T.R., Thomas, W., Warren, W.J., Jr., Wasson, R. & Wisniewski, J.
OCC2013a JDSO 9, 88, 2013
OCC2013b O j Giacchini, B.L., Timerson, B., George, T., Degenhardt, S. & Herald, D. 2013JDSO....9..130G
OCC2013b JDSO 9, 130, 2013
OCC2013c O j Casas, R., Juan, J., Naves, R., Perello, C., Rovira, J., Selva, A. & Schnabel, C. 2013JDSO....9..183C
OCC2013c JDSO 9, 183, 2013
OCC2013d O j Herald, D., Talbot, J., Bradshaw, J., Broughton, J., Hanna, W. & Watson, D. 2013JDSO....9..226H
OCC2013d JDSO 9, 226, 2013
OCC2013e O - Herald, D. 2013JDSO....9..274H
OCC2013e JDSO 9, 274, 2013
OCC2014a O - Loader, B. 2014JDSO...10....2L
OCC2014a JDSO 10, 2, 2014
OCC2014b O - Gault, D. 2014JDSO...10....4G
OCC2014b JDSO 10, 4, 2014
OCC2014c O - Herald, D., Talbot, J., Chad, C., Broughton, J. & Anderson, P. 2014JDSO...10...29H
OCC2014c JDSO 10, 29, 2014
OCC2014d O j Herald, D., Talbot, J. & Kerr, S. 2014JDSO...10..107H
OCC2014d JDSO 10, 107, 2014
OCC2014e O u Loader, B., Bradshaw, J., Breit, D., Edens, E., Forbes, M., Gault, D., George, T., 2014JDSO...10..150L
OCC2014e Haymes, T., Herald, D., Holenstein, B., Ito, T., Iverson, E., et al.
OCC2014e JDSO 10, 150, 2014
OCC2014f O - Soma, M., Hayamizu, T., Ishida, M., Owada, M., Ida, M., Aikawa, R., Hashimoto, A., 2014JDSO...10..240S
OCC2014f Horaguchi, T., Kitazaki, K., Uchiyama, S., Uehara, S., Yaeza, A., et al.
OCC2014f JDSO 10, 240, 2014
OCC2016a O j Loader, B., Asai, A., Bardecker, J., Bradshaw, J., Breit, D., Buettner, D., 2016JDSO...12..143L
OCC2016a Chad, C., Denyer, P., Edens, E., Forbes, M., Gault, D., George, T., et al.
OCC2016a JDSO 12, 143, 2016
OCC2016b O - Gault, D. & Herald, D. 2016JDSO...12..556G
OCC2016b JDSO 12, 556, 2016
OCC2017a O j Loader, B., Anderson, P., Asai, A., Bradshaw, J., Breit, D., Forbes, M., 2017JDSO...13..585L
OCC2017a Gault, D., George, T., Haymes, T., Herald, D., Ishida, M., Kerr, S., et al.
OCC2017a JDSO 13, 585, 2016
OCC2018a O j Timerson, B., George, T., Blank, T., Maley, P., Messner, S. & Moore, J. 2018JDSO...14..395T
OCC2018a JDSO 14, 395, 2018 .
OCC2019a O j Timerson, B., George, T., Bean, J., Blank, T., Bardecker, J., Dunham, D., Dunham, 2019JDSO...15..162T
OCC2019a J., Gimple, B., Maley, P., Anthony, S., Wiesenborn, C., Hunt, T., Sumner, R. &
OCC2019a Thomas, W.
OCC2019a JDSO 15, 162, 2019 .
OCC2019b O j Hirose, T., Ida, M., Yamamura, H., Uchiyama, S., Hashimoto, A., Aikawa, R., 2019JDSO...15..268H
OCC2019b Terakubo, K., Sato, M. & Shima, K.
OCC2019b JDSO 15, 268, 2019 .
OCC2019c O j Loader, B., Asada, Y., Asai, A., Bardecker, J., Bourgeois, J., Bradshaw, J., Chad, 2019JDSO...15..503L
OCC2019c C., Ellington, C., Gault, D., Giacchini, B., Haymes, T., Herald, D., Ishida, M.,
OCC2019c Iverson, E., Kerr, S., Manek, J., McKay, G., Messner, S., Pratt, A., Sandy, R.,
OCC2019c Watanabe, H., Yamamura, H. & Yoshida, H.
OCC2019c JDSO 15, 503, 2019 .
OCC2019d O j Giacchini, B.L., George, T., Spagnotto, J. & Wilberger, A.J. 2019JDSO...15..554G
OCC2019d JDSO 15, 554, 2019 .
OCC2020a O - Perello, C., Frappa, E., Janik, T., Kattentidt, B., Polak, J., Rottenborn, M. & 2020JDSO...16...87P
OCC2020a Selva, A.
OCC2020a JDSO 16, 87, 2020
OCC2020b O Herald, D. 2020JDSO...16..113H
OCC2020b JDSO 16, 105, 2020
OCC2020c O Bardecker, J. & Messner, S. 2020JDSO...16..405B
OCC2020c JDSO 16, 405, 2020
OCC2020d O Gault, D., Barry, T., Nosworthy, P., Hanna, W., Messner, S., Oesper, D., Dunford, 2020JDSO...16..440G
OCC2020d R., Trank, R., Preston, S. & Herald, D.
OCC2020d JDSO 16, 440, 2020
OCC2020e O Boutet, M. & Sanchez, J. 2020JDSO...16..483B
OCC2020e JDSO 16, 483, 2020
OCC2021a O Hayamizu, T., Soma, M., Watanabe, Ha., Asai, A., Watanable, Hi. & Nohara, H. 2021JDSO...17..131H
OCC2021a JDSO 17, 131, 2021
OCC2021b O Frappa, E., Zeleny, P., Baruffetti, P., Bendjeddou, A., Bigi, M., Bouazara, O., 2021JDSO...17..230F
OCC2021b Gacem, A., Khenifer, H.M., Mokhtari, L., Nosal, P., Rayane, H., Selimi, T.E.M.,
OCC2021b Sposetti, S. & Aissa, D.B.
OCC2021b JDSO 17, 230, 2021
OCC2022a O Hayamizu, T., Soma, M., Watanabe, Hi., Asai, A., Watanable, Ha., Akira, A., 2022JDSO...18...61H
OCC2022a Ida, M., Uchiyama, S., Nagata, T., Yamamura, H., Owada, M. & Yamashita, M.
OCC2022a JDSO 18, 61, 2022
OCC2022b O j Andersson, S. 2022JDSO...18..207A
OCC2022b JDSO 18, 207, 2022
OCC2022c O j Klos, O. 2022JDSO...18..210K
OCC2022c JDSO 18, 210, 2022
OCC2023a O j Bardecker, J. 2023JDSO...19...59B
OCC2023a JDSO 19, 59, 2023
 
 
WDS HISTORIC DATA
 
 
coord_2000 discov_num comp epoch obs pa sep mag_pri mag_sec spectr notes coord_arcsec_2000
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761   0   9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0
03317+2339 OCC 761 1989 0 -1 0.1 9.00 9.00 033142.40+233858.0

If you need more information about this double, apply for a data request form to the WDS.

 
 
WDS 03317+2339 OCC 761 (HD 21804) : VISUAL OBSERVATIONS REPORTS
 
 
No records found.


 
 
WDS 03317+2339 OCC 761 (HD 21804) : MEASURES
 
 
No records found.

 
 
WDS 03317+2339 (HD 21804) : VIRTUAL EYEPIECE
 
 

03317+2339 OCC 761A mag 9 Sp F5 03317+2339 OCC 761B mag 9 virtual eyepiece
Click on the map to see the double of your interest.
Pass over with the mouse cursor to display the catalog designation.

Radius:
Components only
 
 
WDS 03317+2339 (HD 21804) : ALADIN DSS IMAGE @ 03h 31m 42.40s +23° 38' 58.0"
 
 
 
 
WDS 03317+2339 OCC 761 (HD 21804) : NEIGHBORHOODS
 
 
FoV:
Limit:
Primaries only


03317+2339  OCC 761 distance=1' 03319+2353  POU 291 distance=15' 03322+2406  POU 292 distance=29' 03334+2322  STT  57CD distance=29' 03334+2322  STT  57AB distance=29' 03334+2322  STT  57AC distance=29' 03334+2322  OCC9080Aa,Ab distance=29' 03334+2322  OCC9080Ba,Bb distance=30' 03337+2351  COU 465 distance=30' 03339+2350  OCC 773 distance=32' 03340+2348  POU 296 distance=33' 03346+2350  COU 466AB distance=42' 03346+2350  GRV 179AB,C distance=42' 03299+2417  LDS6085 distance=45' 03351+2348  LDS6088 distance=47' 03349+2406  COU 467 distance=52' 03286+2415  POU 285 distance=56' 03311+2437  POU 289 distance=59' 03296+2431  SAR   1AB distance=59' 03296+2431  SAR   1AC distance=59' 03296+2431  SAR   1AD distance=59' 03278+2405  POU 284 distance=59' 03344+2428  STF 412AB distance=62' 03344+2428  STF 412AB,C distance=62' 03278+2411  HDS 434 distance=63' 03282+2259  FMR 184 distance=63' 03272+2315  POU 282 distance=67' 03269+2327  POU 281 distance=67' 03275+2415  POU 283 distance=68' 03365+2355  STF 420 distance=68' 03284+2248  BAG   2Aa,Ab distance=68' 03284+2248  BU  878AB distance=68' 03284+2248  BU  878AC distance=68' 03330+2448  POU 293 distance=72' 03308+2451  POU 288 distance=73' 03294+2447  POU 286 distance=75' 03373+2311  LDS6090 distance=82' 03259+2341  POU 279 distance=89' 03364+2237  RAO  98 distance=90' 03364+2233  DEA  33 distance=93' 03308+2511  POU 287 distance=93' 03378+2420  POU 298 distance=94' 03318+2513  POU 290 distance=95' 03373+2436  OCC9081 distance=96' 03313+2515  A  1825 distance=97' 03333+2515  POU 294 distance=99' 03244+2321  POU 276 distance=102' 03243+2349  POU 275 distance=104' 03270+2219  LDS6084 distance=104' 03242+2347  WOR   4AB distance=105' 03242+2347  LDS 884AB,C distance=105' grafico limitrofi
Click on the map to see the double of your interest.
Pass over with the mouse cursor to display the catalog designation.

Show name coord_2000 discov# comp pa sep dist(')
Show 03317+2339 OCC 761 -1 0.1 1
Show 03319+2353 POU 291 78 9.4 15
Show 03322+2406 POU 292 238 10.1 29
Show 03334+2322 STT 57 CD 321 10.0 29
Show 03334+2322 STT 57 AB 170 32.9 29
Show 03334+2322 STT 57 AC 33 68.7 29
Show 03334+2322 OCC9080 Aa,Ab -1 0.1 29
Show 03334+2322 OCC9080 Ba,Bb -1 0.1 30
Show 03337+2351 COU 465 202 0.3 30
Show 03339+2350 OCC 773 -1 0.1 32
Show 03340+2348 POU 296 206 10.1 33
Show 03346+2350 COU 466 AB 21 0.4 42
Show 03346+2350 GRV 179 AB,C 205 44.7 42
Show 03299+2417 LDS6085 13 26.3 45
Show 03351+2348 LDS6088 78 126.0 47
Show 03349+2406 COU 467 92 2.0 52
Show 03286+2415 POU 285 246 4.0 56
Show 03311+2437 POU 289 51 14.5 59
Show 03296+2431 SAR 1 AB 268 12.4 59
Show 03296+2431 SAR 1 AC 327 18.8 59
Show 03296+2431 SAR 1 AD 197 23.9 59
Show 03278+2405 POU 284 74 12.8 59
Show 03344+2428 STF 412 AB 350 0.8 62
Show 03344+2428 STF 412 AB,C 53 22.4 62
Show 03278+2411 HDS 434 170 0.4 63
Show 03282+2259 FMR 184 298 4.0 63
Show 03272+2315 POU 282 70 10.3 67
Show 03269+2327 POU 281 318 9.8 67
Show 03275+2415 POU 283 220 12.7 68
Show 03365+2355 STF 420 113 6.7 68
Show 03284+2248 BAG 2 Aa,Ab 144 0.1 68
Show 03284+2248 BU 878 AB 61 0.7 68
Show 03284+2248 BU 878 AC 229 144.4 68
Show 03330+2448 POU 293 240 7.2 72
Show 03308+2451 POU 288 96 14.2 73
Show 03294+2447 POU 286 341 4.8 75
Show 03373+2311 LDS6090 91 283.4 82
Show 03259+2341 POU 279 98 4.9 89
Show 03364+2237 RAO 98 246 2.5 90
Show 03364+2233 DEA 33 106 32.2 93
Show 03308+2511 POU 287 310 17.1 93
Show 03378+2420 POU 298 170 15.9 94
Show 03318+2513 POU 290 324 23.9 95
Show 03373+2436 OCC9081 -1 0.0 96
Show 03313+2515 A 1825 306 2.9 97
Show 03333+2515 POU 294 172 11.2 99
Show 03244+2321 POU 276 42 11.1 102
Show 03243+2349 POU 275 78 4.2 104
Show 03270+2219 LDS6084 308 24.0 104
Show 03242+2347 WOR 4 AB 329 2.6 105
Show 03242+2347 LDS 884 AB,C 118 99.2 105

 
 
WDS 03317+2339 : COMPONENTS
 
 
  A
B pa=0.0°
sep=0.00"
 
 
03317+2339 A
 
 
Componente originario normalizzato AB Name HD 21804 Coord arcsec 2000 033142.40+233858.0 Mag 9
Spectral class F5 (yellow-white) PmRA 55.00 PmDE 41.0 SAO 75977
HIP 16440 Tycho2 1798-01012-1 HD 21804 BD BD+23 462
Tycho2
Tycho2 1798-01012-1 Pflag RAmdeg 52.92680387 DEmdeg 23.64954673
PmRA 55.0 PmDE 41.2 E RAmdeg 6 E DEmdeg 7
E pmRA 0.9 E pmDE 0.9 EpRAm 1990.59 EpDEm 1990.25
Num 19 Q RAmdeg 0.7 Q DEmdeg 0.6 Q pmRA 0.7
Q pmDE 0.7 BTmag 8.587 E BTmag 0.018 VTmag 8.076
E VTmag 0.013 Prox 999 TYC T HIP 16440
CCDM RAdeg 52.92666444 DEdeg 23.64945000 EpRA 1990 1.66
EpDE 1990 1.53 E RAdeg 5.9 E DEdeg 6.9 Posflg
Corr -0.2
SAO
SAO 75977 DelFlag RA1950 PmRA1950 0.0042
DE1950 PmDE1950 0.057 Vmag 8.4 SpType F5
Double code Source 35 CatNum 1041 DM BD+23 462
DMcomp BDsup HD 21804 M HD 0
GC RA1950rad 0.91086926 DE1950rad 0.40980032 PmRA2000 0.0042
PmDE2000 0.054
Hipparcos
Catalog H HIP 16440 Proxy RAhms 03 31 42.40
DEdms +23 38 58.0 Vmag 8.07 VarFlag R Vmag G
RAdeg 52.9267 DEdeg 23.6494 AstroRef Plx 9.52
CCDM N CCDM Nsys Ncomp 1
MultFlag Source Qual M HIP
Theta Rho HD 21804 BD BD+23 462
CD CP Dm number +23 462 VIred 0.55
SpType F5 R SpType Coord arcsec 2000 033142.40+233858.0
Hipparcos 2
HIP 16440 Sn 5 So 0 Nc 1
RArad 0.9237444372 DErad 0.4127606852 Plx 10.6 PmRA 56.28
PmDE 40.58 E RArad 0.76 E DErad 0.42 E Plx 0.79
E pmRA 0.98 E pmDE 0.96 Hpmag 8.1655 E Hpmag 0.0017
SHp 0.013 VA 0 BV 0.476 E BV 0.015
VI 0.55
 
 
03317+2339 B
 
 
Componente originario normalizzato AB Coord arcsec 2000 033142.40+233858.0 Mag 9 Calc coord yes